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Proceedings of the Prussian Academy
Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1922 - 1936This set is still in the process of being listed and NOT YET for sale and we
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Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften -
Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse1922 , presided over in part by Max Planck.
Sitzung 19. Januar: G.Haberlandt: Die Entwicklungserregung der parthenogenetischen Eizellen von Marsilia Drummondii A. Br. Nach Praeparaten Eduard Strassburgers. pp. 4-16, illustrated,
2. Februar: A. Einstein: Zur Theorie der Lichtfortpflanzung in dispergierenden Medien. pp. 18 – 22
12. Januar: F. Bernstein & P. Schlaeper: Ueber die Tonlage der menschlichen Singstimme. Ein Beitrag zur Statistik der Sekundaeren Geschlechtsmerkmale beim Menschen. pp 30 – 37
23. Februar: Karl Heider: Ueber Archianneliden. pp. 39 – 44
2. Maerz: G. Hellmann: Neue Untersuchungen ueber die Regenverhaeltnisse von Deutschland. Dritte Mitteilung: Der Jahresverlauf. pp. 46 – 61
9. Maerz: Max Planck: Ueber die freie Energie von Gasmolekuelen mit beliebiger Geschwindigkeitsverteilung. pp. 63 – 70
16. Maerz: W. Kuekenthal: Zur Stammesgeschichte der Wale. pp. 72 – 87.
2. Februar: G. Szegoe:Ueber Potenzreihen mit endlich vielen verschiedenen Koeffizienten. pp. 88 – 91.
6. April: H. Zimmermann: Die Lagerungen bei Knickversuchen und ihre Fehlerquellen. pp. 95 - 109.
20. April: M. von Laue & W. Gordon: Ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Waermeleitfaehigkeit bei Gluehtemperaturen. pp. 112 – 117
20. April: M. von Laue: Die Bedeutung des Nullkegels in der allgemeinen Relativitaetstheorie.
pp. 118 – 126
30. Maerz Stefanie Lichtenstein: Agglutination bei Algen, Hefen und Flaggelaten. Zur Frage des Mechanismus der Zellreaktion. pp 127 – 134
K. Buerker: Die Verteilung des Haemoglabins auf die Oberflaeche der Erythrocyten. pp 140 – 142
2. Maerz: I. Schur: Ueber Ringbereiche im Gebiete der ganzzahligen linearen Substitionen. pp. 145 – 168
18. Mai: F. Schottky: Eulersche Punkte.pp. 173 – 181
16. Dezember: Albrecht Penck: Die Terrassen des Isartales in den Alpen. pp. 182 – 208
1. Juni: W. Noddack, F. Streuber und H. Scheffers: Unterschreitung des Schwellenwertes photographischer Platten durch Kornzaehlung. pp. 210 – 213
10. November 1921: Albrecht Penck: Ablagerungen und Schicht stoerungen der letzten Interglazialzeit in den noerdlichen Alpen. pp. 214 – 251
20. April: A. Fraenkel: Der Begriff >>definit<< und die Unabhaengigkeit des Auswahlaxioms. pp. 253 – 257
20. April: Hans Hamburger: Ein Satz ueber Kurvennetze auf geschlossenen Flaechen. pp. 258 – 262.
20. Juli: G. Hellmann: Die Sonnenscheindauer in Deutschland. pp. 266 – 293
6. Juli: Robert Schneider: Verbreitung und Bedeutung des Eisens im animalischen Organismus. Im Besondern erforscht am Seetierleben des Golfes von Neapel (Inhaltsbericht) pp. 294 - 209
13. Juli: Albrecht Penck: Glaziale Krustenbewegungen. pp 305 - 314
13. Juli: Fritz Weigert & Karl Kellermann: Zur Photochemie des Chlorknallgases. Pp., 315 – 320.
12. Mai 1921 : R. Fick: Ueber die Gewichts- und Querschnittverhaeltnisse der Hundemuskeln. Pp. 321 – 352
12. Mai 1921: F. Fick: Taetigkeitsanpassung der Gelenke und Muskeln nach Versuchen am Hund. Pp. 353 – 383.
19. Oktober: G. Haberlandt: Die Vorstufen und Ursachen der Adventivembryonie. Pp. 386 – 406 + one folding plate.
2. November: F. Schottky: Zur Frage: Haben die Klassenfunktionen Differentialgleichungen. Pp. 414 – 423.
2. November: H. Rubens und K. Hoffmann¨Ueber die Strahlung geschwaerzter Flaechen. Pp. 424 – 435.
16. November 1922: Karl Willy Wagner: Der physikalische Vorgang beim elektrischen Durchschlag von festen Isolatoren. Pp. 438 - 446.
23. November 1922: Albert Einstein: Bemerkung zu der Abhandlung von E. Trefftz: Das statische Gravitationsfeld zweier Massenpunkte in der Einsteinschen Theorie. Pp. 448 - 449
7. Dezember 1922: E. Gehrcke und E.Lau: Ueber das Viellinienspektrum des Wasserstoffs. Pp. 453 - 458 + 2 plates.
14. Dezember 1922: C. Correns: Vererbungsversuche mit buntblaettrigen Sippen. VI. Einige neue Faelle von Albomaculatio. VII. Ueber die peraurea Sippe der Urtica urenspp. 460 - 486.
21. Dezember 1922: Karl Heider: Ueber Zahnwechsel bei polychaeten Anneliden. Pp. 488 - 491.Namen und Sachregister pp. 494 - 497.
1923
18. Januar: G. Hellmann: Stoerungen im Jaehrlichen Gange der Temperatur in Deutschland. Pp. 4 - 19
15. Februar: M. von Laue: Die Loesungen der Feldgleichungen der Schwere von Schwarzschild, Einstein und Trefftz und ihre Vereinigung. Pp. 27 - 31
15. Februar: Albert Einstein: Zur allgemeinen Relativitaetstheorie. Pp. 32 - 38
Alexander Ostrowski: Einige Bemerkungen ueber Singularitaeten Taylorscher und Dirichletscher Reihen. Pp. 39 - 4 (presented on 1th January 1923 )
11. Januar: Georg Polya: Ueber die Existenz unendlich vieler singulaerer Punkte auf der Konvergenzgeraden gewisser Dirichletscher Reihen. Pp. 45 - 50.
15. Maerz: H. Zimmermann: Die Groessen s und t der Knicktheorie. Pp. 55 – 64
R.Fick: Ueber die Zwischenrippenmuskeln. (Vorgetragen am 1. Februar 1923 ) pp. 65 – 72
12, April: A. Einstein: Bemerkung zu meiner Arbeit “Zur allgemeinen Relativitaetstheorie” pp 76 – 77
F. Schottky: ueber die gleichung (followed by mathematical formula) pp 79 – 105
3. Mai: W.Nernst und W. Noddack: Zur Theorie photochemischer Vorgaenge. Pp. 110 -115
3. Mai: J. Eggert und W. Noddack: Zur Pruefung des photochemischen Aequivalentgesetzes an Trockenplatten II. Pp 116 – 122
I. Schur: Ueber den Zusammenhang zwischen einem Problem der Zahlentheorie und einem Satz ueber algebraische Funktionen. Pp. 123 - 124.
A. Einstein: Zur affinen Feldtheorie. Pp. 137 – 140
1925
29. Januar:Albert Einstein: Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases. Zweite Abhandlung. pp. 3-25
29. Januar: H. Zimmermann: Die Knickfestigkeit der Stabringe. pp. 26 – 38
29. Januar: C.Caratheodory: Ueber die Bestimmung der Energie und der absoluten Temperatur mit Hilfe von reversiblen Prozessen. pp. 39 – 47
5. Februar: Mx Planck: Zur Frage der Quantelung einatomiger Gase.pp. 49 –57.
12. Februar: Felix Bernstein: Beitraege zur Mendelistischen Anthropologie I. Quantitative Rassenanalyse auf Grund von statistischen Beobachtungen ueber den Klangcharakter der Singstimme. pp. 63 – 82
12. Februar: H.Ludendorff: Spektralphotometrische Untersuchungen ueber die Sonnenkorona. (Vorgetragen am 27. November 1924 ) pp. 83 – 113.
26. Februar: Werner Kohlhoerster: Weitere Messungen der durchdringenden Strahlung am Jungfraujoch. pp. 120 – 125 + one folding plate.
5. Maerz: Max Rubner: Unser Brotgetreide in physiologischer und volkwirtschaftlicher Hinsicht. I: Geschichte des Brotes. Seine Verbreitung etc...pp.127 – 139.
12. Maerz: A. Sommerfeld und H. Hoenl: Ueber die Multiplett-Linien. pp. 141 –161.
12. Maerz: R. Fick: Anatomische Untersuchungen an einigen der Teneriffaschimpansen namentlich ueber die Gewichts- und Querschnittverhaeltnisse der Muskeln. (Vorgetragen am 15. November 1923 ). pp. 162 – 197.
26. Maerz: G. Hellmann: Grenzwerte der Klimaelemente auf der Erde. pp., 200 –215.
2. April: Albrecht Penck: Der postglaziale Vulkan von Koefels im Oetztale, pp. 218 – 225.
16. April: C. Correns: Untersuchungen ueber polygame Bluetenpflanzen. I. Silene Roemeri Friv. pp. 227 – 252.
16. April: F. Schottky: Ueber die Harmonie des Thetasystems. Zweite Mitteilung (vorgetragen am 12. Februar 1925 ) pp. 253 –274.
30. April: F. Schottky: Ueber die Harmonie des Thetasystems. Dritte Mitteilung. pp. 277 – 284.
30. April: G. Hellmann: Die Verbreitung der Hydrometeore auf der Erde. pp. 285 – 298.
14. Mai: Albrecht Penck: Glazialgeologische Beobachtungen in den bayerischen Hochalpen. (vorgetragen am 12. Maerz 1925 ) pp. 301 –329.
14. Mai: Albrecht Penck: Alte Breccien und junge Krustenbewegungen in den bayerischen Hochalpen. pp. 330 – 348.
14. Mai: Albrecht Penck: Die Eiszeit in den bayerischen Hochalpen. (vorgetragen am 12. Maerz 1925 ) pp. 349 –371.
28. Mai: H. Zimmermann: Der Begriff der Knickgrenze. pp. 374 – 380.
28. Mai: Ludwig Bieberbach: Ueber die Entwicklung der nichteuklidischen Geometrie im 19. Jahrhundert (vorgetragen am 2. April 1925 ) pp. 381 – 398.
11. Juni: Walter Noddack, Otto Berg und Ida Tacke: Zwei neue Elemente der Mangangruppe. Chemischer Teil. von Noddack und Tacke. Roentgenspektroskopischer Teil von Berg und Tacke. (vorgelegt von Hrn. Nernst) pp. 400 – 409 + Plate.
9. Juli: A. Einstein: Einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizitaet. pp. 414 - 419.
R. Ladenburg und H. Kopfermann: Die anomale elektrische Doppelbrechung des Natriumdampfes. (Mitteilung aus dem Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fuer physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem) Vorgelgt von Hrn Haber. pp 420 – 424
16. Juli: H.Zocher und K.Coper: Ueber die Erzeugung optischer Aktivitaet an Silber durch zirkular polarisiertes Licht. (Aus dem Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fuer physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Berlin-Dahlem) (vorgelegt von Hrn. Haber) pp. 426 - 431
23. Juli: Erwin Schroedinger: Bemerkungen ueber die statische Entropiedefinition beim idealen Gas. (Vorgelegt von Max Planck) pp. 434 – 441.
23. Juli: Max Planck: Ueber die statische Entropiedefinition. pp. 422 – 451.
30. Juli – Mitteilung vom 16. Juli: I. Schur: einige Bemerkungen zur Determinantentheorie. pp. 454 – 463
30. Juli – Mitt. vom 9. Juli: Carl Mueller: Uebr die sehr duenne, durchsichtige Metallfolien. (Mitteilung aus der Physikalisch-Technischen Reichsanstalt) (vorgelegt von Hr. Paschen am 9. Juli) pp.464 – 470. illustrated.
30. Juli: Alexander Ostrowski: Ueber den Schottkyschen Satz und die Borelschen Ungleichungen. (vorgelegt von Hrn. Bieberbach am 25. Juni) pp 471 – 484.
30. Juli: Erhardt Schmidt: Ueber das Extremum der Bogenlaenge einer Raumkurve bei vorgeschriebenen r Einschraenkungen ihrer Kruemmung (vorgetragen am 14 Mai 1925 ) pp. 485 – 490
22. Oktober: H. Zimmermann: Der Begriff der Knickgrenze. II. pp. 493 – 500
12. November: F. Keibel: Ueber die Bulbus- und Arterienwuelste der Petromyzonten. pp. 510 – 513.
12. November : R. Fick: Ueber die Muskelfaserlaenge des Armmuskels (m. brachialis) und seiner Abart (Speichenansatz) (Aus der Anatomischen Anstalt der Universitaet Berlin ) ( Vorgelesen am 11. Juni 1925 ) pp. 514 – 524, 2 illistr.
19. November: H. von Ficker: Temperaturgradienten bei Fuehn. (vorgelegt von Hrn. Hellmann ) pp 526 – 532.
19. November : G. Hellmann: Ueber die Wetterlage bei guter Fernsicht von Bergeshoehen. (vorgetragen am 12. November ) pp. 533 – 538.
19. November: G. Hellmann: Wasserhosen auf dem Atlantischen Ozean. (vorgetragen am 12. November ) pp. 539 – 544.
19. November: I. Schur und G. Szegoe: Ueber die Abschnitte einer in Einheitskreise beschraenkten Potenzreihe. (vorgelegt am 29. Oktober 1925 ) pp 545 – 560.
26. November: A. Merz: Die deutsche Atlantische Expedition auf dem Vermessungs- und Forschungsschiff Meteor. I. Bericht (vorgelegt von Herrn Penck ) pp 562 – 586 + 4 folding plates.
10. Dezember: A. Hammerstein: Ueber die Entwicklung eines logarithmisch-unstetigen Kerns nach seinen Eigenfunktionen. (vorgelegt von Hrn. Bieberbach) pp. 590 –595.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES ON SOME CONTRIBUTORS TO THE ABOVE
Issai Schur (1875 in Mogilev –1941 in Tel Aviv) was a mathematician who worked in Germany for most of his life. He studied at Berlin He obtained his doctorate in 1901, became lecturer in 1903 and, after a stay at Bonn, professor in 1919.
He considered himself German rather than Jewish, even though he had been born in the Russian Empire in what is now Belarus, and brought up partly in Latvia. For this reason he declined invitations to leave Germany for the United States and Britain in 1934. Nevertheless he was dismissed from his chair in 1935 and, at the instigation of Ludwig Bieberbach (who had previously sympathised with Schur regarding his treatment at the hands of the Nazis), he was forced to resign from the Prussian Academy in 1938. Schur eventually emigrated to Palestine in 1939, and lived his final years in poverty. He died in Tel Aviv on his 66th birthday.
As a student of Frobenius, he worked on group representations (the subject with which he is most closely associated), but also in combinatorics and number theory and even theoretical physics. He is perhaps best known today for his result on the existence of the Schur decomposition and for his work on group representations (Schur's lemma).
Schur had a number of students, including Richard Brauer, B. H. Neumann, Heinz Prüfer, and Richard Rado. He was a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1929.[1] He published under the name of both I. Schur, and J. Schur, the latter especially in Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. This has led to some confusion.[2]
Walter NODDACK ( Berlin, 1893 - Bamberg, 1960)
Noddack attended the secondary school in his native city and then entered the University of Berlin in 1912 to study chemistry, physics, and mathematics. World War I interrupted his studies and he therefore did not receive his doctorate until 1920. His dissertation, completed under the direction of W. Nernst, examined Einstein’ law of photochemical equivalence. Noddack then worked for two years with Nernst at the physical Chemistry Institute of the University of Berlin, and in 1922 he became director of the chemical laboratory of the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt under Nernst. Noddack’s principal achievement was the discovery of element seventy-five of the periodic table, which he called rhenium (after the Rhine) Noddack’s second major field of research was photochemistry. In 1920 he found, on a photographic plate, that under suitable conditions an absorbed quantum hv of blue or ultraviolet radiation corresponds to a silver atomWalther Hermann Nernst (25 June 1864 – 18 November 1941) was a German physical chemist and physicist who is known for his theories behind the calculation of chemical affinity as embodied in the third law thermodynamics, for which he won the 1920 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Nernst helped establish the modern field of physical chemistry and contributed to electrochemistry, thermodynamics, solid state chemistry and photochemistry. He is also known for developing the Nernst equation. He also developed an electric piano, the "Neo-Bechstein-Flügel" in 1930 in association with the Bechstein and Siemens companies
Rudolf Armin Fick (1866 - 1939 )
Bibliography::
• Ein neuer Ophthalmometer (1888)
• Über die Form der Gelenkflächen (1890)
• Über die Arbeitsleistung der auf die Fussgelenke wirkenden Muskeln (1892)
• Die Reifung und Befruchtung des Axolotleies (1893)
• Vergleichend anat. Studien an einem erwachsenen Orang-Utang I. und II. (1895)
• Über die Athemmuskeln (1897)
• Über die Entstehung der Gelenkformen mit Tierversuchen (1921)
• Über die Zwischenrippenmuskeln (1923)
• Einiges über Vererbungsfragen (1924)
GOTTLIEB HABERLANDT
(28 November 1854, Magyaróvár - 30 January 1945, Berlin) was an Austrian botanist.
Haberlandt first pointed out the possibilities of the culture of isolated tissues (Bonner, 1936).[1] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture and also suggested that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. Since Haberlandt's original assertions methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in Biology and Medicine. His original idea presented in 1902 was called totipotentiality: “Theoretically all plant cells are able to give rise to a complete plant.”FRIEDRICH HERMANN SCHOTTKY
(b. Breslau, Germany [now Wrochaw, Poland], 24 July 1851: d. Berlin, Germany, 12 August 1935)
In 1892 Schottky was appointed to a chair at Marburg University and in 1902 to one at Berlin, where he remained until 1922. In 1902 he was elected a fellow of the Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften and, in 1911, a corresponding member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen.
Schottky’s thesis [1,3] was an important contribution to the conformal mapping of multiply connected plane domains and was the origin of the famous mapping of a domain bounded by three disjoint circles, which, continued by mirror images, provides an example of an automorphic function with a Cantor set boundary. The dissertation also dealt with the conformal mapping of domains bounded by circular and conic arcs.
A contribution to the realm of Picard’s theorem, known as Schottky’s theorem [5], is an absolute estimation C(f(0).?z? for functions f(z) defined in ?z?<1 and omitting the values 0.1. Schottky also initiated the study of the oscillation, at the boundary, of regular functions defined in the unit circle [4].
The greater part of Schottky’s work concerned elliptic, Abelian, and theta functins, a subject on which he wrote a book [2]. He published some fifty-five papers, most of them in Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, Mathematische Annalen, an Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. His work is difficult to read. Although he was a student of Weierstrass, his approach to function theory was Riemannian in spirit, combined with Weierstrassian rigor.George Polya ( 1887 – 1985 ) Hungarian mathematician whose work included collaboration with Hardy and Littlewood, with papers on mathematical physics, geometry , complex analysis, combinatorics and probability theory. He is perhaps best known for his contribution to mathematical education through his book How To Solve It published in its second edition in 1957 , and still widely regarded half a century later as one of the best expositions of the art of doing mathematics. In a remarkably easy prose style for a book about mathematics, Polya argues that problem solving requires the study of heuristics, and summarizes the problem-solving cycle in four stages: understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, looking back, or ‘see, plan, do, check’.
Alexander Markowich Ostrowski ( 25 September 1893, Kiev, Russian Empire (now Ukraine) - 20 November 1986, Montagnola, Lugano, Switzerland), was a mathematician.
His father Mark having been a merchant, Alexander Ostrowski attended the Kiev College of Commerce, not a high school, and thus had an insufficient qualification to be admitted to university. However, his extraordinary talent did not remain undetected: Ostrowski's mentor Grave wrote to Landau and Hensel for help. Subsequently Ostrowski began to study mathematics at Marburg University under Hensel's supervision in 1912. After World War I had ended Ostrowski moved on to Göttingen where he wrote his doctoral dissertation and was influenced by Hilbert, Klein and Landau. In 1920, after having obtained his doctorate, Ostrowski moved to Hamburg where he worked as Hecke's assistant and finished his habilitation in 1922.Felix Bernstein 1878 - 1956
Felix Bernstein came from a Jewish family of academics who strongly influenced the direction which his interests took. His father was Julius Bernstein (1839-1917) who was a leading physiologist. Julius' father, Felix's grandfather, was Aron Bernstein (1812-1884), a political writer, scientist, journalist, and publisher When Albert Einstein was a young man he was given one of Aron Bernstein's science books and became so fascinated that he gave up the idea of becoming a violinist in favour of science. When Felix was born in 1878, his father, Julius, held the Chair of Physiology at the Martin-Luther-Universität in Halle. He was also the Director of the Physiological Institute at the University of Halle. Felix Bernstein was brought up in Halle, attending the gymnasium there. Julius, his father, was a friend of Georg Cantor and while still a student at the gymnasium Felix attended Cantor's seminar at the University of Halle. In 1896 Cantor took a holiday and Felix Bernstein offered to correct the proofs of Cantor's famous work Beiträge zur Begründung der transfiniten Mengenlehre. It was at this time that he came up with the Schröder-Bernstein Theorem. After his studies at Pisa, he undertook research under Hilbert and Klein at Göttingen where he wrote the dissertation Untersuchungen aus der Mengenlehre on set theory. For this dissertation he was awarded a doctorate by the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen in 1901 He returned to Halle in 1901 where he taught mathematics. However he now broadened his interests by studying physiology under his father at the Physiological Institute until his father retired in 1911. Felix submitted his habilitation to the University of Göttingen and he was appointed extraordinary professor there in 1911. Some time after this he became a friend of Einstein. In 1921 he was elected ordinary professor (full professor) at Göttingen and he founded the Institute of Mathematical Statistics there. In 1928 Bernstein spent time at Harvard in the United States as a visiting professor. There he worked on epidemiology, returning to the United States over the next few years to take up other visiting professorships.
Bernstein managed to emigrate with his family to the United States in 1934, since the anthropologist Franz Boas had obtained funds to support him for a year at Columbia University and had the agreement of the university that they would offer him a permanent position at the end of the year. The university reneged on the agreement to offer him a permanent post. Today Bernstein is best remembered by mathematicians for the Schröder-Bernstein Theorem. This theorem states: If each of two sets A and B are equivalent to a subset of the other, then A is equivalent to B.